Bogs not bags...

Bogs not bags...

Peat extraction in Lancashire © Matthew Roberts

In 2011, the UK Government set a voluntary target for the use of peat in amateur horticulture to be phased out by 2020. In 2021, Defra launched a consultation on whether the use of peat in horticulture should be banned. In 2022, Defra accepted that the voluntary approach had failed and that it would legislate to ban "all sales of peat to amateur gardeners in England [...] by 2024." It's 2025 and a ban has not yet been enacted.
A closeup photograph of cottongrasses with their white tufts at Swarth Moor

Cottongrass © Sam Halliday

Commercial peat extraction takes place on lowland raised mire. This is an amazing habitat that should be thrumming with life on peat possibly 9 metres (or more!) deep. In summer you could expect to see the white heads of cottongrass bobbing in the breeze; dragonflies circling their breeding pools on rattling, diamond wings; short-eared owls quartering the ground on stiff, rowing wingbeats, listening for prey with their sharp ears. Delve down amongst the cottongrass and you'll find the habitat engineer, Sphagnum mosses, and perhaps the carnivorous sundew. Up close and personal, you'll find a forest in miniature, a mosaic of microhabitats varying with the terrain and the depth of the water table. This has formed over the last 6,000 years and we've been using it in horticulture in the 1930s.

Peat compost is not some centuries-old tradition - it barely goes back 100 years. In the 1930s, John Innes compost contained 25% peat. Peat's properties made it a difficult thing to transport on its own; by the 1970s, with improvements in plastic packaging, all-peat mixes came to dominate the market place. 

In order to achieve bog-to-bag, lowland raised mire is drained, to drop the water table and kill off surface vegetation, and then gradually milled away until the last of the peat is gone. These amazing, beautiful habitats, nature's cathedrals, are reduced to rubble.

Tractors transporting peat to be turned into compost

Peat extraction in Lancashire © Lancashire Wildlife Trust

The industry will tell you that it is making progress and, indeed, it is cutting back but it's still getting through 760,000 cubic metres of peat per year. That's more than 300 Olympic swimming pools. And the industry was meant to have been 90% peat-free by 2010.

Image of commercial peat extraction © Emma Goodyer

Commercial peat extraction © Emma Goodyer

What can you do? Our colleagues over in the Peat Free Partnership have a petition to demand legislative action on horticultural peat and resources for you to write to your MP requesting the same. Please sign the petition and let your elected representative know that this issue is important to the people that put them in office.

Vote with your wallet.  Bagged peat compost accounts for  around 70% of peat-use in the UK. There are many producers out there that have seized the initiative and taken an evolutionary step forward with growing media, mammals to the peat-compost dinosaurs. The more support we give them, the sooner the dinosaurs become fossils. B&Q, Co-op, Iceland, Lidl, Morrisons, Tesco and Waitrose all sell only peat-free compost - if they can do it, what's stopping the rest of the marketplace? Please go peat-free. 

Join The Wildlife Trusts' peat inspectors - please help us to keep up to date on which retailers are joining the peat free movement.

A worm's-eye view of Swarth Moor in bloom

Swarth Moor in flower © Shanti Adamson